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Languages

(see also <Wikipedia>)


It is very difficult to define how many languages are spoken worldwide, because it is rather complicated to distinguish between what is a language and what is a dialect.

However, it is estimated that more than 10.000 languages are spoken all over the world. There are already more than 120 different languages on the small continent of Europe alone.

 

The most spoken languages all over the world are:

  • Chinese spoken by approx. 1,1 billion people

  • English, spoken by approx. 1,7 billion people, but included are countries that have installed English as their second official state language.

  • Spanish, spoken by approx. 372 billion people

  • German with approx. 145 million speakers ranks in the eleventh place.

  • French, spoken by approx.124 million people

Of course, these figures, as known at present, are continuously changing upwards and they certainly have to be up-dated from time to time.

 


It is estimated that the above mentioned most important languages Mandarin, English and Spanish will probably survive during the next 300 years.


Less positive is the situation for many "smaller" languages. More than half of the worldwide spoken languages will most probably not survive this century. 400 of them are faced with being extinct within a very short time and approx. 50 of them have left only one speaker. 73 European languages were rated as endangered by the Unesco. Among them are Sater Frisian (only 2000 soals have a good command of it ), Irish, Breton and Sorbian (spoken by 60.000 people in Saxony and Brandenburg).

Every two weeks one language is disappearing on this earth!


The Official Languages of the United Nations  


English

Chinese

Russian

French

Arabic

Spanish

 

English is the language with the most spreading worldwide  and is language of  international communication as well. It belongs to the largest language family, the  Indo-European.

Wherever you are, there are good chances to find an English speaker. 

 

Chinese is official language in the People's Republic of China, Taiwan und Singapore. Furthermore, it is spoken in  Brunei and Malaysia. 

It is a so called sound language.  Words that are identical may have very different meanings depending on the respective pitches and their stretch in a word. 

Mandarin is the most spoken individual language worldwide.  Out of the sphere of the Chinese language you will find only a few people who master one of the different variants of Chinese.

 

Approx. 170 million  people speak Russian and at least the same figure uses Russian as a second language. 

In Russia Russian is  the only official language. This status is shared with White Russian, Casachian, and Ukrainian in White Russia..  

Russian is written in Cyrillic letters which derive from the Greek alphabet. The 24th May is the day of the Cyrillic letters in Russia. 

With the end of the Soviet Union the Russian language has lost its influence. Today it is no longer a compulsory foreign language of most of the school children in the former states of the Warsaw Pact.

Since 1635 the  Académie française has been supervising the French language.  The Academy of 40 members, founded under Cardinal  Richelieu, is one of the oldest institutions of France.

In former times French was  the language of the European nobility and later also that of diplomacy.  Nowadays, there are still regions in the world where you can get along better with French than with English. 

Today approx. 250 million people worldwide speak one of the numerous, regional dialects of  Arabic. 

Arabic is official language on the Arabic Peninsula, in Syria, Iraq, Lebanon and Jordania, the Mediterranean neighbor states of North Africa as well as in Mauritania and Somalia. 

The individual Arabic dialects differ from each other in such considerable manner that the verbal communication is very often difficult. However,  everybody uses the generally well understandable High Arabic for the written language. 

Religious Muslims recite the Koran in the Arabic original though, but out of North Africa and Arabia you will meet relatively few people who speak and understand Arabic. 

Apart from the approx. 372 million native speakers of Spanish, there are still approx. 100 million people who speak Spanish as a second language. 

The language was very strongly influenced by the fact that the Arabic was present in Spain for more than 700 years.  More than 1000 Spanish words originate from the Arabic language. 

Parallel to the economical development of Latin America Spanish is becoming more and more important.  And there is another advantage: Spanish is said to be a language which can be learned rather easily. 

If you want to get more detailed information on the languages of this earth, there is a good recommendation (but only in German): "Abenteuer Sprachen" by Hans Joachim Störig published by Langenscheidt-Verlag: www.langenscheidt.de

Querverweise:

<American Institute of Foreign Study> <Arbeiten und Reisen im Ausland> <Aussprache von Wörtern in mehr als 200 Sprachen>

<Babelland -Fremdsprachen online lernen>

<Chinesisch lernen> <Chinesisch lernen mit Musik> <Cornelsen "Perfekt" Webmagazin>

<Das Sprachenzentrum der FAU>

<Endangered languages> <Entwicklungsdienst> <European Language Test> <Europe for Students> <Expolingua>

<Familienaustausch für Kinder> <Foreign Languages Web Exercises

<Gesellschaft für bedrohte Sprachen>  <Goethe-Tests Multilingual Exercises- Vocabulary tests in many languages>

<Internationales Austauschprogramm für Studenten> <Internationaler Kultur- und Bildungsaustausch> <International Language Schools> <Japanisch lernen> <Japanisch Netzwerk>

<Kurse für 36 Sprachen>

<Languages and Europe>  <Languages online> <Learning foreign languages> <Linguarium>

<Praktika im Ausland 1> <Praktika im Ausland 2>

<Rechtschreibreform Übungen und Tests>

<Sprachen der Welt>  <Sprachen lernen> <Sprachen-Lerngemeinschaft> <Sprachen lernen im Ausland> <Sprachen lernen online> <Sprachenübersicht> <Sprachmaterialien des Spotlight Verlags> <Sprachreisen> <Sprachreisen in England> <Sprachwelt> <Suchmaschine für Sprachen lernen>   

<Vokabular- und Konjugationstrainer>

<World Language> <Work + Travel>

 

If any link does not work, your relevant information is appreciated. I also would be pleased of receiving any further hints and proposals. Thank you in advance.